Armature



2 Sheets-Shet 1 V. G. APPLE ARMATURE Filed Aug. 14, 1925 Sept. 13, 1927.

Sept 13, 1927.

v. G. APPLE ARMATURE Filed Aug. 14;, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 men zjcizcizl WW m Patented Sept. 13, 1927.

UNITED} STATES PATENT OFFICE.

vnrcmrr e. aura, or narrow, x10.

ABHATUBE.

Application filed August 14, 1825. Serial No. 60,808.

This application is partially based upon the sub'ect-matter of an application filed by me on ay 27, 1920, under Serial No. 384,575,

which ap hcation became abandoned by operation oi law and of which this application is a substantial copy.

The invention relates to improvements in armatures for d amo electric machines and has especial re erence to armatures having a double winding, either of which may roduoe or receive current independently o the 7 other.

One of the objects of the invention is to increase the cubic, dynamic and operative efli ciencyof dynamos, whereby to produce the greatest output for a given weight,or maximum torque-speed when used as a motor.

Another objectis to wind the armature with conductor bars in which the cross-section-ofthe bars, in a given slot, are wedgeshacorresponding as a whole in general outliiie to the shape of a portion of the slot within-which they are contained.

Another. object is to construct a commutatorlzof the'terminal' ends of the wedgeshape conducting bars, without joints there between and in which the thinner bars are near the axis of the armature and the thicker bars are superimposed thereon in the same relation they occu y in the armature slotand a novel manner 0 joining the wedge-shaped members of the commutator to ther to produoe a commutator of substantially the same diameter as the winding.

Another ob'ect is to utilize the entire cubic contents of t e laminated core, by securing terminal ends of shaft sections to the ends of the core without passing it thru the core.

Another ob'ect is the provision of a novel manner of holding the ends of the conducting bars together to form commutator sections.

Another object is to provide an armature in which the commutator, for the outer wind- 48 ings, overlies the cross-connections of the inner windings.

Another object is to provide a new form of slot in the armature core.

Another object is to cement the two windings of the double wound armature to other and to the core at the same time and y use of the same adhesive.

Other, further and more specific objects of the invention will-become readily apparent, to persons skilled in the art, from a con sideration of the following description, when taken in conjunction with the drawings, wherein a Figure 1 shows an elevation, partly in sectlon, of the core of the armature and shaft sections connected thereto.

Figure 2 is an elevation of the. inner bar winding as it appears upon the core.

Figure 3 is an elevation of the completed armature with a commutator at each end. Figure 4 is a modified form with both commutators at one end.

- Figure 5 is a transverse section taken on line V--V of Figure 3. i

Figure 6 is a section taken on line VI-VI of Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a section of the smaller commutator taken on line VIIVII of Figure 2.

Figure 8 shows the shape of the conductors forming a wish-bone loop, as 'more clearly shown in Figure 9.

- Figure 10 is an end view of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a section of two of the laminations showing one means of 0 holding them in register instead of the use of the small rod passing thru the laminations, as shown'in F 1 are 1. v

lgure 12 shows the .end of the smaller and larger conductors as they are joined to- 'gether to form a commutator section.

,In all the views the samereference characters-are employed to indicate similar parts.

In the new structure the slots 15 are made much deeper in the core 16 than usual. The disks 1 are also not perforated axially with suflicient openings to admit the shaft sections 1818'. Therefore a larger mass of the highly permeable, laminated core structure 19;.isut1lized, and, furthermore, the portions of the disks 17 that separate the slots 15 are substantially uniform in circumferential direction to include a substantially ual mass of metal between ad'acent coils w ere they radially confront eac other. In order that the disks 17 may be packed in uniform stacks, I may perforate them either with a small opening and use the rod 20, as shown in Figure 1, or I may centrally indent each of the disks, as at 21, as shown in Figure '11. The latter I consider to be the preferable mode. I then coat the laminae, of which the, core 16 is composed, with a phenolic condensation product and, after having secured the shaft sections 18+18' to the end disks 23-23, which are laterally somewhat thicker than the intennediate disks of the laminae, I apply pure and heat to the core in order Y Instea of using the wishbone shape,

at 26, to

the bars bein to unite the laminae, to thoroughly cement the parts together. For relatively small machines, this means for holding the disks of laminae structure together is sufiicient. A full explanation ofthe means of joining the disks, for the purpose described, is disclosed in my Patent No. 1,315,936, of September 16, 1919. Any means for holding the laminae composing the core' of the armature without the necessity of passing the shaft therethru will come within the contemplation of my invention. The shaft sections 1818 may be secured to the end disks 23-23, as at 24, by riveting, welding, or the like.

The conductor loop 25 may he made in as'shown in Figures 9 and 10. In making the wish-bone, a conductor of uniform wedge-shape and substantially uniform area, in crosssection, as shown in Figure 8, is split near the thicker edge, as rovide a wide thin member 27, and a thic er narrower member 28, the part 29 being the yoke to which the two members 27 and 28 are left attached. Or, if desired, the wish-bone loop may be made up of two separate inductor bars, one to rovide the wide, thin member 27 and'the 0 her to provide the thicker, narrower member 28,

bent as at 25 and joined by weldin or ot erwise to provide the yoke 29. wis bone, as shown in Figure 9, two straight bar conductors, of cross section, substantially as shown herein, ma be placed within the slots 15, and the ends of the conductors may he rotatively displaced, aired and connected together, as more clear y shown and described in my Patent No. 1,264,749, granted April 30, 1918.

The rotary dis lacement of the conductor members 27 an 28 near the ends of the armature, in any event, is indicated, as-at 30 and 31. In the instant case the ends 31 are prolonged, as at 32, into commutator sections. The part section 32 is made of the upper narrower and thicker member, while the art section'33, of the commutator, is made of the inner and thinner member 27 of the conductor bar, the two part sections forming a composite commutator section. After the conducting bars have been placed upon the core 16, and the ends have been rotativel displaced, as shown in Figure 2, then eac pair of commutator segments is separated y a U -shaped metal structure 34. This may consist of a piece of relatively thin copper bent in the shape shown in Figures 7 and 12, partly surrounding the two paired conductors 32 and 33, on their respective sides, to hold them temporarily together. After these pieces have been placed, as shown inFigure 7 they are welded to the under section 33, as at 35. After this has been accomplished, the commutator 32 is plac in a mold and insulating phenolic compound 36 is forced by pressure mto the spaces between adjacent commutator sections and the body portion between the commutator and the shaft 18. This material is forced under considerable pressure and therefore the sides of the U-shape part 34 will be held intimately in contact with the confronting sides of the members 32 and 33, of each commutator bar, and the insulation between the members 34 will sufiiciently separate them and hold all of the parts of the commutator structure firmly together. i The insulation of the commutator 32 may be accomplished immediately upon placing the first winding on the core, Figure 2, or it may be accomplished at the time just before the armature is entirely finished and after the second winding has been placed in position and the commutator thereof located upon the shaft and insulated in a similar manner. Overlying the armature conductors 27- 28, in each slot, is a coil 38, of relatively fine wire, comprising a number of turns which is subsequently placed in the larger portion of the slots 15 and over the top of the conducting bars formerly placed within the slots. After the second winding has been placed u on the armature, a commutator 39 may be p aced on the opposite end of the armature structure and connected to the fine wire winding 38, or it may he placed as at 39, on the modified form shown in Figure 4. In Figure 4 the commutator 39 is placed above the end terminals 31 of the conducting bars 27 and 28, and, it will be observed that this arrangement economizes linear dimensions of the armature, to some extent. The terminal ends Fig. 3 of the coils 38 are embedded in insulating material 40-40' and while the drawings show the coils to be of relatively fine wire, they may also be com osed of fewer turns of coarser wire, or 0 several turns of insulated stri 'or ribbon stock. In any event they are su sequently enclosed in a coating of phenolic condensation roduct. After the armature has been comp eted, in the manner described, the entire structure may be placed in a mod, or hollow die, and phenolic condensation product injected into the mold or die under ressure and subsequently heated so that the phenolic condensation product will, when cold, firmly hold the parts in their proper relation and produce the highest character of insulation, and thereby strengthen the structure without requiring screws, clamps or clasps for that urpose, as'disclosed in my Patent 1,440,951, anuary 2nd, 1923.

When the armature is thus subjected to this method of insulation the gaps or spaces 42, terminatin each slot 15, are thoroughly filled with the insulating compound, as more clearlyshown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 of the drawings.

' An armature, when constructed as described, may be used as a generator to proas shown in duce current of two different and indeendent electro-motive-forces. It also may be used as a motor thru one circuit, and as a generator thru the other circuit of the armature, for the purpose of charging storage batteries or for the purpose ofstarting internal combustion engines and to subsequently charge storage batteries, and for many other desirable purposes for which a device of this character ma be employed. Every part of material, of which the armature is composed, is actively energetic and therefore the armature produces a large output of current or power proportiona y to itsweight. -.I am aware that many changes may be made, and numerous details of construction maybe varied through a wide ran o without departing from the principles 0 this invention, and I therefore do not purpose lim iting the patent granted hereon, otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as my invention:

1. In an armature, a conductor loop, composed of two conducting bars and integral commutator bars of substantially the same cross-sectional area throughout its entire length but of different cross-sectional shape.

2. In an armature, a conductor loop, composed of two tapering conducting bars and integral commutator barsof substantially the same cross-sectional area throughout its entire length, said bars when placed one upon the other forming uniformly tapered wedge-shape conducting bars and composite commutator bars.

3. In an armature, a conductor loop comosed of two tapering conducting bars and integral commutator bars of substantially the same cross-sectional area throughout its entire length, said vbars when placed one upon the other forming a uniformly tapered wedge-shaped, composite bar an a commutator composed of a plurality of sections, each section made up of a pair of integral terminal ends of two said tapered bars of the same sectional area.

4. In an armature, a conductor loop composed of two tapering conducting bars and integral commutator bars of substantially the same cross-sectional area, said bars when placed one upon the other forming a uniformly tapered wedge-shaped, composite bar of unchan sectional area, a commutator compose of a plurality of sections, each section made u of the terminal ends of two said bars, an a moldable plastic material supporting and cementing the parts together.

5. In an armature, a conductor loop composed of two tapering conductin bars and integral commutator bars of Sn stantially the same cross-sectional area, said barswhen placed one upon the other forming a uniformly tapered Wedge-shaped composite bar, a commutator, composed of a plurality of sections, each section made up of the terminal ends of a metalcover partly surrounding the paired ends of the bars forming each commutator section, and a phenolic condensation product supporting and cementing the parts together.

6. In an armature, a core having'a plurality of radially-disposed outwardly-diverging, tapering slots, with separating teeth of substantially uniform width therebetween, a pair of superimposed, correspond ingly tapering conducting bars, of substantially the same cross-sectional area, in the inner portion of each slot, an independent winding in the outer portion of each slot, a commutator for the inner winding composed of integral parts of the bars of said windmg and a commutator of larger diameter for the outer winding overlying a portion of the inner winding.

7 In an armature, a plurality of conducting loops, 'each loop comprising two uni formly and transversely tapering bars of difl'erent height and width but of substantially the same cross-sectional area, the terminals of the bars paired to provide from each pair a radially tapering integral commute-tor section.

8. An armature core com rising a plurality of electrically separated disks cemented together and two shaft sections each carrying a heavier disk cemented to the outer disks at the respective ends of the core and in axial alignment. I

9. The method of making an armature which consists in laying upon a core two separate windings, commutators in com mnnication with the respective windings, the commutator for the outer winding overlying part of the inner winding, and cementing the windings together, to-the core and to the'commutators b application of phenolic condensation product under pressure while subjected to heat.

10. A dynamo electric machine element comprising a core, insulation, and a plurality of inductor loops composed of wedge shaped bars split longitudinally and bent into loops and inserted in the core and joined to complete the circuit.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto sub scribed my name.

VINCENT G. APPLE.

pair of said bars, a U-shaped Ill) 

